Character encoding converts characters (like letters, numbers, and symbols) into a binary format (0s and 1s).
UTF-8
UTF-8 (Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit) is a variable-width character encoding that can represent every character in the Unicode standard.
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) character encoding represents alphanumeric characters, punctuation, and control characters.
PETSCII
PET Standard Code of Information Interchange (PETSCII) is the character encoding standard used by Commodore’s 8-bit computers. It is an extension of ASCII, providing 256 characters, adding symbols, and special graphics characters used for creating art and games.